{"id":176,"date":"2017-10-02T16:45:56","date_gmt":"2017-10-02T13:45:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/disco.teak.fi\/asia\/?p=176"},"modified":"2021-10-19T14:24:17","modified_gmt":"2021-10-19T11:24:17","slug":"likay-folk-operetta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/disco.teak.fi\/asia\/likay-folk-operetta\/","title":{"rendered":"<em>Likay<\/em> \u201cFolk Operetta\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 100%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-176 gallery-columns-1 gallery-size-full'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/disco.teak.fi\/asia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/tha103.jpg'><img width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/disco.teak.fi\/asia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/tha103.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-926\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-926'>\n\t\t\t\tA likay performance in Bangkok <span>Jukka O. Miettinen<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/disco.teak.fi\/asia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/tha105.jpg'><img width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/disco.teak.fi\/asia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/tha105.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-928\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-928'>\n\t\t\t\tA likay performance in Bangkok <span>Jukka O. Miettinen<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/disco.teak.fi\/asia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/tha104.jpg'><img width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/disco.teak.fi\/asia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/tha104.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-927\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-927'>\n\t\t\t\tA likay performance in Bangkok <span>Jukka O. Miettinen<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p><i>Likay<\/i> may still be the most popular form of folk theatre in Thailand. It is performed on temporary stages at temple fairs and at other communal festivities as well as on permanent stages. The sets consist of garishly painted backdrops portraying, for example, palace halls, gardens, or forests. The costumes are a blend of different epochs with glittering sequins, synthetic brocades, and the men\u2019s plumed headdresses, all lending an unreal fairytale flavour to the whole. <i>Likay<\/i> is accompanied by a <i>piphad like<\/i>, which is a variation of the traditional <i>piphad<\/i> orchestra. Traditionally, the show starts with a long overture at around 8 pm and ends at around midnight.<\/p>\n<p>The origin of <i>likay<\/i> is unclear. There is a theory that it was introduced to Thailand in 1880 but this is now questioned. It is clear that <i>likay<\/i> has received influences from the performance style of the Malay Peninsula as well from India, but how and when it happened is not known. For decades it also assimilated elements from the Chinese minority as well from the Mons. Thus it seems that this folk entertainment adapted itself to various circumstances while it spread around the country. Thus the <i>likay<\/i>\u2019s music, histrionic techniques, and costumes include Indian and Malay elements, among others.<\/p>\n<p>The plots may sometimes be borrowed from the <i>lakhon<\/i> repertoire, but they are mostly quasi-historical melodramas with separated lovers, children who are lost and then unexpectedly found, amorous intrigues, and such similar material. The actors rarely have any extensive degree of training, and the classical dance numbers are usually only alluded to. Microphones are used for the lines, and the serious lyric verses are sung. Various time levels may be intermingled. Thus a modern Louis Vuitton suitcase or a Rolex imitation watch may appear in a historical story, giving satirical or even absurd connotations to the whole.<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 12%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-2' class='gallery galleryid-176 gallery-columns-8 gallery-size-full'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/disco.teak.fi\/asia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/tha106.jpg'><img width=\"600\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/disco.teak.fi\/asia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/tha106.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-929\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-929'>\n\t\t\t\tA <em>likay<\/em> fan gives a garland stuffed with banknotes to his favourite actor <span>Jukka O. Miettinen<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl>\n\t\t\t<br style='clear: both' \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-3 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-3 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 20%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-3 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-3 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-3' class='gallery galleryid-176 gallery-columns-5 gallery-size-full'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/disco.teak.fi\/asia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/tha107.jpg'><img width=\"400\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/disco.teak.fi\/asia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/tha107.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-930\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-930'>\n\t\t\t\tA <em>likay<\/em> star with garlands <span>Jukka O. Miettinen<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl>\n\t\t\t<br style='clear: both' \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p>Likay was originally performed by an all-male cast, but now female roles are mostly played by actresses. However, <i>kratoy<\/i> or transvestite actors are also popular. The contact between the actors and the audience is very close, as the actors often flirtingly address their lines directly to the spectators. The most ardent <i>likay<\/i> fans may, in the middle of the performance, offer their favourites garlands stuffed with bank notes.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-4 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-4 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 12%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-4 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-4 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-4' class='gallery galleryid-176 gallery-columns-8 gallery-size-full'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/disco.teak.fi\/asia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/tha108.jpg'><img width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/disco.teak.fi\/asia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/tha108.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-4-931\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-4-931'>\n\t\t\t\tA modern <em>likay<\/em> performance with an Indian Bollywood flavour <span>Jukka O. Miettinen<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/disco.teak.fi\/asia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/tha109.jpg'><img width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/disco.teak.fi\/asia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/tha109.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-4-932\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-4-932'>\n\t\t\t\t<em>Likay<\/em> heroes <span>Jukka O. Miettinen<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl>\n\t\t\t<br style='clear: both' \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>At the height of its popularity, <i>likay<\/i> was performed in several competing theatres in Bangkok, but towards the end of the twentieth century it could mainly be seen on temporary stages at temple fairs or amusement centres. As flexible folk art, <i>likay<\/i> can be adapted for different purposes. It has been used to serve political ends, while charismatic stars still dominate the glittering world of <i>likay<\/i>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Likay may still be the most popular form of folk theatre in Thailand. It is performed on temporary stages at temple fairs and at other communal festivities as well as on permanent stages. The sets consist of garishly painted backdrops portraying, for example, palace halls, gardens, or forests. The costumes are a blend of different [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2437,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[10],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/disco.teak.fi\/asia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/176"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/disco.teak.fi\/asia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/disco.teak.fi\/asia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/disco.teak.fi\/asia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/disco.teak.fi\/asia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=176"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/disco.teak.fi\/asia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/176\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3329,"href":"https:\/\/disco.teak.fi\/asia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/176\/revisions\/3329"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/disco.teak.fi\/asia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2437"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/disco.teak.fi\/asia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=176"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/disco.teak.fi\/asia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=176"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/disco.teak.fi\/asia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=176"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}